This outlines the types of polar patterns. Polar patterns are the field of focus that the microphone will pick up due to the position of the diaphragm and other factors.
Omni Directional
This encompasses a field of all directions, or nondirectional. In theory it should be a perfect sphere but because the microphone its self is not infinitely small it gets in its own way, just like if it was on a persons body. So the smaller the body the better the polar pattern. The wave length of 10Khz is 3.4cm so small microphones are effective at even high frequencies.
Cardiod
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| 0 degrees is straight infront of the microphone, 180 degrees is directly behind the microphone |
Omni Directional
This encompasses a field of all directions, or nondirectional. In theory it should be a perfect sphere but because the microphone its self is not infinitely small it gets in its own way, just like if it was on a persons body. So the smaller the body the better the polar pattern. The wave length of 10Khz is 3.4cm so small microphones are effective at even high frequencies.
Cardiod
This is the most common unidirectional microphone. There is a dip at the back due to the microphone casing and the direction of the diaphragm. A Sub cardiod is similar to the omnidirectional polar pattern but flatter. and Super and Hyper cardiod have tighter patterns compared to the basic cardiod pattern, but they add more sensitivity to the cardiod because of there higher sensitivity.
Shotgun
These are the highest directional microphones. They have small fields of sensitivity to the left, right and rear. This is still significantly smaller than other directional microphones. This is the most common on film sets for booming over subjects.
See Also: Condenser Microphones, Dynamic Microphones and Carbon Microphones.
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images are free to reuse via wikipedia
Thanks,
- Matt Price
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